Occupational Health And Safety Management Essay

Occupational Health And Safety Management - Essay eventIn the above context the present study observes the Hazards management of a building construction persist come out in a residential argona. The study identifies the drill process of the construction work site, types of hazards during the work process and controlling measures adopted for the identified hazards. Not only that the findings detect in the study are to be correlated and analyzed in the context of south Australian government statutes and existing implications on Occupational safety hazard management system for the effective utilization of the resources.As a relevant place to the purpose of the study, the building construction in the area XYZ was identified as a likely source for the breeding as it uses modern ways of construction techniques and has relevant working patterns for the observation.The study was carried by direct visit to the XYZ work site. The information on the types of hazards is being analyzed th rough the discussions with the workers and site inspectors. The information on techniques and safety measures adopted are taken from the site inspectors, Health and safety officer, Building contractors and higher(prenominal) authorities of local government.Findings of the direct visit to the work site The direct visit to the XYZ has designed in such a way to extract the very key information in regard to the OSHMS practice, and the ascertained findings are as follows Working process The XYZ construction is a multi storied building site, with work in progress to observe the process and to discuss the essentials with the worksite workers. In the work area the workers are involved in the occupations like, masonry works with load carrying, working from heights, plumbing, carpentry works, electrical works, etc.,Masonry work The work process of masonry involves construction of ramparts, detonator and floor including 3 or 4 workers working at a same time. Workers are observed to carry the loads of bricks and cement mixture in wheelbarrows to the worker who actu ally works on the wall construction. The person who is working on the construction of wall is found to be on ladder with all daagjgaTypes of Hazards observed in work site area The main types of probable hazards are occurring at the site are observed under 2 categories 1. Physical Hazards2. Chemical Hazards.I. The physical hazards These are the one, which are seeable as well as have visible and instant effect on the victims. The following types of hazards are observed in this category. a. Slip/Trip/Fall There is a high degree of attempt observed to occur through these types of hazards, as the work associated with these is carried in a time constraints depending on the machinery and uncertain weather Falling of workers from High placesAccidents in Moving of loadsFalling of tools & construction suppliesSlipping on watery surfaceTripping down of heavy machinery Slipping of ladders from supported wall to floorb. Stuck by Usually the driver has to

Web & Social Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Web & Social Media - Essay Examplelemented through the proper realization of keywords, checking keywords, re-checking keywords and customising keywords as per requirements (WordStream, Inc., 2009).The on-site SEO technique of keyword seek and analysis has been selected for ranking of my clearsite owing to the reason that it provides the benefits of determining the behaviours of the bulk in accessing websites online and discovering more specific keyword queries rewarding better user satisfaction (SEOmoz, Inc., 2014).The on-site SEO technique of keyword research and analysis helped in ranking a website through the creation of a solid foundation establish upon which, entire content creation ought to take place, which eventually results in high-ranking of search engines (SEOmoz, Inc., 2014).It can be affirmed that the business world has been changing in this modern day context with the introduction and the sequent adoption of pioneering technological advancements. In this similar c oncern, relating to recent changes in the modern world, the on-site SEO technique, i.e. keyword research and analysis, possesses the faculty to perform various significant activities. These activities comprise predicting variations in demand, responding towards transforming business market conditions and producing the contents, products and/or services that the web searchers are already aggressively seeking (SEOmoz, Inc., 2014).Apart from the above-elaborated keyword research and analysis SEO technique, another off-site SEO technique can be observed in terms of content writing and optimisation. Conceptually, this particular technique is regarded as a writing piece, which is mainly powered by certain specific keywords that facilitate the individuals to visit any(prenominal) particular webpage (Slideshare Inc., 2014).The implementation of content writing and optimisation as an off-site SEO technique evidently aid in ranking a website based upon its content presented to attract the visitors. In this regard, the particular

The Relationship between the BBC and Public Broadcasting Corporation Essay

The Relationship between the BBC and Public beam Corporation and the Commercial Sectors - Essay ExampleFirst, before going into BBCs relationship as a public broadcasting corporation with the commercial sectors, it is helpful to identify first what is meant by public proceeds broadcasting. The Communications Act 2003 (CA 2003) sets a duty on the Office of Communications (Ofcom) to obtain accessibility of a broad range of both tv and radio services all over the United domain that is of high quality and considered to draw diverse tastes and interests (Communications Act 2003 s. 264) and to keep an adequate number of providers for various television and radio services (Ridgway 48). While the Communications Act has not defined what comprises public service programing, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) characterized this kind of programming by setting forth itspurposesandcharacteristics. Ridgway in his article solid change for public service broadcasting in the UK? enumerates th e next purposes and characteristics of public service broadcasting Purposes intercommunicate our understanding of the world--to inform ourselves and others, and to increase our understanding of the world with news, information and analysis of catamenia events and ideas.Stimulating knowledge and learning --to stimulate our interest in and knowledge of arts, science, history and other topics, through electrical capacity that is accessible and can encourage informal learning. Reflecting UK cultural identity--to reflect and strengthen our cultural identity through original programming in the United ground, at both study and regional levels, on occasion bringing audiences together for shared experiences. Representing diversity and alternative viewpoints--to make us aware of unalike cultures and alternative viewpoints through programmes that reflect the lives of other people and other communities, both within the United Kingdom and elsewhere. Characteristics High quality--well fu nded and well produced. Original--new UK content rather than repeats or acquisitions. Innovative--breaking new ideas or reinventing exciting approaches, rather than copying old ones. Challenging--making viewers think. Engaging--remaining accessible and attractive to viewers. astray available--if content is publicly funded, a large majority of citizens need the chance to watch it. (48) McGonagle on the other hand, defines public service broadcasting (PSB) as those broadcasted TV programs which are for the benefit of the public or else of solely for commercial ends (235). These programs consist of local news coverage, arts programs, religious broadcasts, and augmented broadcasts featuring (for example) subtitling, visual signing and audio description (McGonagle 235). It may also include original drama, documentaries and childrens programming (Ridgway 49). A particular quota on public service broadcasts is also required in their license to broadcast, in accordance with Ofcoms regula tions (Ridgway 49). The objectives on the other hand for the so-called plural public service broadcast provision are the following Sources of high quality impartial news at local, regional as well as national level, including the nations as well as the United Kingdom as a whole high level original British content a broad range of both voices and talent from across the whole United Kingdom, to guarantee continuation and development of creative talent clusters in the regions and nations, currently assured through regional proceeds quotas on some public service broadcasters guaranteed levels of investment in independent production in order to ensure the supply of the best creative ideas and the healthy development of this

Course Project Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Course cypher - Case Study ExampleWhile trying to identify the reasons associated with the success of the strategies for apple IPod, focus has to be given on a number of issues. The first reason that needs to be spiritedlighted is that the troupe orchard apple tree provides a lot of focus on introducing innovation in its harvest-festivals (Travlos, 2013). Secondly, the company prefers to promote simplicity in its product offerings. By having a highly simplistic kind of a user interface for the IPod, the company was able to create a favourable point of difference for its music product (Bajarin, 2012). The third grammatical constituent is that the IPod was launched in the market along with a bundled free service offering. The free service offering which is popularly known as iTunes, helped in a great way in enhancing the customer experience for the product (LePage, 2006). The fourth broker that administered success to the IPod is the unique way of product selling and branding b y Apple. Since marketing is all about generating interest in the minds of the consumers, the marketing approach of Apple was to a greater extent pore on generating the buzz for the new product offering of the company at the clipping of launch. Also, the company focused on positioning the product as a fashion accessory, thereby triggering a further demand for the product (Weisbein, 2008). Finally, the last reason for success of the Apple IPod is the ability of the company to create a captive audience. By designing the highly fashionable lifestyle natured music device in a way, that it will acquiesce only inputs from the companys music website, helped in a great way in creating a captive audience, which automatically generated a huge amount of revenue for the company (Schulhof, 2006, p. 2). Mini Case 2 Failure The second mini case focuses on discussing the reasons leading to failure for a strategy of a particular company. For the purpose of relevance, the company that has been sele cted is Nokia, which is a orbicularly present mobile manufacturing and marketing company. Talking more about the company, it needs special highlighting that Nokia in the last couple of years, has lost its market lateralization position to various other competitors like Apple, Samsung, etc. On conducting an in-depth analysis, various points of flaws have been revealed. The first factor that has to be considered is that the telecom company lost its product related edge in the market. While its competitors focused on strongly promoting products which are high on innovative features, the company took a laid indorse approach (ET Bureau, 2013). Secondly, the company failed in a great way to identify the changing and rapidly evolving global mobile market. While the market was to Smartphones with touch features developed by its competitors, Nokia stuck for a considerable amount of time to with promoting Smartphones that lacked uniqueness in its product offering (News, 2012). Thirdly, the factor of brand positioning has to be taken into consideration. The big phone presented by Nokia lost its edge in the market when competing with other popular brands which are high on style and product appeal. Over a period of time, due to loss of brand appeal, Nokias products looked very old fashioned as compared to the rivals homogenous and alternative product offerings (Chang, 2012). handle Case analysis For the purpose of conducting a cross case analysis, it needs to be mentioned that both Apple and Nokia fall in the industry category of electronics.

Dementia as an extremely debilitating disease Essay

Dementia as an extremely debilitating disease - Essay ExampleThis look will also show the importance of the nurse as an advocate for those who have mental disabilities much(prenominal) as dementia. Of course on that point will be thorough discussion on what the best interventions are in the acute care setting to try and maintain a decent quality of deportment for the diligent as well. The conclusion shows that dementia is a severely crippling disease, both physically and mentally, and thence often the best nursing approach is a holistic one with an interpersonal methodology intertwined. Although there is no cure for dementia, appropriate management of care by the nurse can make a great deal of difference in these patients lives.Dementia is actually the gradual destruction of several areas of the principal that affect the cognitive processes. This of course causes maladaptive behavior changes and the nurse sometimes has a more baffling time managing the patient care when thes e symptomatic occurrences begin to take place (Antonangeli 1995, pg. 167). Typically dementia is viewed as a collection of negative symptoms, but positive symptoms are present as well. During the early stages of the disease when the patient is only mildly impaired it is very common for individuals to avoid active participation in life. Patients tend to withdraw from social engagements, lack initiative, and overall behave in an indifferent and apathetic manner. It is the nurses character reference to attempt to manage their care in a way that will keep them from adapting to this type of behavior. In the acute care setting a certain quality of life is attempted to be hold for as long as possible. This might be through medications prescribed, psychological counseling services, or former(a) methods of intervention that are geared towards each individual patients needs because not every dementia patient requires the same form of treatment in the initial stages nor as the disease prog resses (Aylward et al 1997, pg. 155). As the illness progresses and the cognitive deficits increase patients may sound more anxious and agitated. Patients with preexisting psychological problems are given to experiencing hallucinations and delusions. In particular these patients exhibit paranoid delusions, for instance accusing the elderly spouse of being unfaithful. Misperceptions, much(prenominal) as the inability to distinguish real people from television images, are also common at this stage (Bauer & Shea 1986, pg. 144). Aggression, in particular verbal hostility tends to increase as accurate perception declines. It is comprehend that these agitated and aggressive behaviors may represent issues where the patient is making an adaptive effort to try and report their needs. They are also attempting to express why they are behaving the way they are but they simply become frustrated and

Viral Marketing of FMCG Using Social Media Essay

Viral Marketing of FMCG Using favor equal Media - Essay ExampleAnother important area of this study go forth be uncomplicated research. fit in to me primary research ordain play an important role in this study. Viral market is a new dimension of marketing and at that place is less number of companies which have actually made procedure of this marketing tool. Moreover, directly receiving the feedbacks from the companies which employs viral marketing technique to improve business process will suffice to address the questions in a better way. Hence, I have decided to conduct a primary research with the help of questionnaire and fishing gear structured interview. For this reason I have decided to take to task an FMCG political party which is already using viral marketing to promote their goods. After a handful of research I found there are very less number of FMCG companies which has already makes use of viral marketing techniques, however companies such as P & g and Unileve r uses it to well-nigh extent. Hence, for this study I will grant Unilever to assess the enormousness of viral marketing for FMCG business (Lowell, 2012). I have decided to mortalally visit the company to genius the feedbacks of the respondents. In order to reach the respondents I will seek assistance from some qualified person who has prior experience of the FMCG industry. The respondents of my study will be the marketing managers of Unilever. It is believed that the marketing managers will be able to provide information pertaining to the effectiveness of viral marketing for their company. The total sample sizing for this activity will be 10 and the data collection instrument will be semi structured interview. However, I also believe that viral marketing is a topic which is also related with information technology. Hence, I have decided to approach...After a handful of research I found there are very less number of FMCG companies which has already makes use of viral marketing techniques, however companies such as P & g and Unilever uses it to some extent. Hence, for this study I will select Unilever to assess the importance of viral marketing for FMCG business (Lowell, 2012). I have decided to personally visit the company to record the feedbacks of the respondents. In order to reach the respondents I will seek assistance from some qualified person who has prior experience of the FMCG industry. The respondents of my study will be the marketing managers of Unilever. It is believed that the marketing managers will be able to provide information pertaining to the effectiveness of viral marketing for their company. The total sample size for this activity will be 10 and the data collection instrument will be semi structured interview.However, I also believe that viral marketing is a topic which is also related with information technology. Hence, I have decided to approach the IT team of Unilever, to get further information about the area of concern. The IT d iscussion section will be mainly approached to know about the technicalities and cost associated with viral marketing. On the dry land of the findings a feasibility analysis of viral marketing technique will be carried out. The total sample size will be 10 and the data collection instrument will be questionnaire. Finally, on the basis of the findings I will draw a conclusion by addressing the research question.

Barriers to nursing profession Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Barriers to nursing profession - Research Paper warningThis has inhibited the growth of nursing as knowledge based profession.Nursing is considered as a consumption that is permanently natural for wo men single sex occupation. Therefore, it is identified as a profession that is deeply frosty in the societys gender based power relations. Women established nursing it fits the sterile womanly picture with characteristics of gentleness, nurturing, and caring as opposed to the masculine traits of aggression, strength, and dominance (Giele, et al. 2003). These are the reasons as to why occupations that gather up these qualities are exclusively considered suited to women, they have gone further and labeled them women work. Strong stereotypical boundaries that concerns feminine and masculine behavior has been presented to men by the society. Men that dare to choose nursing as a career, face the danger of challenging the gender roles and stereotypes that are defined by the tradition. Eco nomic, political, and social systems rear these stereotypes. Men who choose careers viewed to be feminine like nursing are of all time discriminated against are always subject to criticism from the public. Some people have a difficulty of accepting the image of men as gentle, compassionate, and caring. Men fear challenging the stereotypical image of nursing in the society. These characteristics are not essential attribute in the social and biological of the sexes, they are just cultural constructs that are reinforce by the social activities that are associated with being female or male.Nursing image has traditionally been support using symbols like the angle, sex symbol, doctors handmaiden, and, commonly, nurses as women. These pictures are based on women set and attributes, have been utilized by mass communication and interpersonal, strengthening the stereotypes of women being the nurses. This is also reinforced by excluding men in any

The night mother Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The night get down - Essay ExampleIt is mentioned she is a lonely girl who doesnt find much interest in talking to other people, merely struggles to put herself together. Unlike her daughter, Thelma Cates is described as chatty and nosy yet as we read the runaway we realize that she is just as lonely as her daughter. She is in her late fifties and is quiet certain of her age. She tries to scoot this in positively, but cannot ignore the obvious that she is getting older and her time will in brief occur too. The play takes places in Thelmas house and from there on Jessie has do the decision to take control of her life, thoughts and feelings. By the very first look of Night Mother we are able to forge that the play revolves around gloom and loneliness, from Jessie and Thelma, and grows around the issues they have had throughout life with a failed marriage, her epilepsy, and her delinquent son, Ricky. The main(prenominal) issue revolving the story sets around the fact that Jess ie has decided to commit suicide, and straightforwardly tells her mother of her plans. Jessie is full of vengeance and decides to commit suicide oblivious to the fact that it might hurt her mother (Brustein 160.) Before she does so, she must everlasting(a) the list of things she has set herself to make before she kills herself, or as she told the people around town, taking a vacation (Norman 15). ... The author makes a remark by indicating that the appearance of the house shouldnt be associated with the genius of Jessie, given that her mother is the one who is most outgoing. Norman adds on to the dialogue invisible characters that come up, meanwhile the two of them are having a deep conversation about how and why Jessie has taken the decision she has. eon talking, they bring up characters like Dawson, Jessies brother, Loretta Dawsons wife, Ricky Jessies son, and Cecil Jessies ex husband. In summing up to these characters, Jessies dad plays a very important role. From the conver sation she and her mother are having, her mother admits to never loving him, but unlike Thelma, Jessie loved her father very much. I believe the importance of Jessies father plays after his death, since she did not have a father figure and her mother did not attend to worry about other than herself. It is also mentioned in the play that Cecil, was a handy man that made the porch and Thelma ended up marrying him to her daughter. Such actions have made the character of Jessie to submerge herself in the memory of her father, because she never saw an environment in which love and harmony were abundant (Burkman 36). In my opinion, Jessies suicidal thoughts come from the lack of affection she has received throughout her life. Cecil, her ex-husband has also taken most of her happiness since she became epileptic and fell off a horse and he divorced her. Her ideal marriage never actually came together, and to only see her son grow to be somewhat of an antisocial or a delinquent. Although h er mother wants to convince her that this is just a phase Ricky is going through, she

Standard financial investment information Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Standard pecuniary investment information - Essay exemplarOutsourcing can be defined as, subcontracting a process, such as product design or manufacturing, to a third-party company. Outsourcing became part of the business lexicon during the 1980s. The purpose of this paper is to agree or disagree with the concept that standard financial investment information and criteria argon all that is needed to effectively measure out IT outsourcing definitions The decision to outsource is oftentimes made in the interest of lowering firm lives, redirecting or conserving energy directed at the competencies of a particular business, or to make more efficient use of labor, capital, technology and resources (Wikipedia, 2008). Significant cost savings, cost restructuring, an improvement in overall quality, access to a greater pool of knowledge, the existence of a lawfully binding contract, operational expertise that would otherwise be too expensive, the solving of staffing issues such as a smal l and dependable internal talent pool, improved capacity management, providing a catalyst for major change, trim down the time it takes for a product to reach market, commoditization, improved risk management techniques, the ability to operate 24/7 because of various time zones, and the pressure that is being localized on a company by customers which may only be solved through outsourcing (Wikipedia, 2008).Provided that the best ethical practices are taken into setting and implemented, it is not agreed that standard financial investment information is all that is needed to effectively evaluate IT outsourcing definitions ... as information risk management or integrity services, providing routine assistance to in-house auditing for operations and mold evaluations in peak period activity and conduct special projects such as fraud investigation or plant investment appraisals (Wikipedia, 2008).Before any decisions are made, however, it is important that a Return on investing is cond ucted. Companies need to way the benefits and the savings against the drawbacks and the costs in order to determine whether they are doing the chastise thing. This task is accomplished through a Return on Investment. correspond to the article written by Cresswell, The choice of how to conduct the analysis should be based on four critical principles pertaining to the strategic objective(s) of the ROI analysis, the place (and importance) of the IT investment in the overall enterprise architecture, the type of analysis that should be conducted (i.e., what data and methods of analysis are best suited to those objectives), and how the ROI analysis fits in the overall decision context for IT investments (2008)During the Return on Investment analysis, it is crucial for managers to determine who is going to be impacted by it, what the risk factors are, who will be affected, is it unfeignedly necessary for the given project, and if it is even worth the cost of an ROI analysis. In addition , the overall technology infrastructure should be considered, along with business processes, the organizational environment, and external relationships (Cresswell, 2008).Although many firms have chosen to at least partly outsource their IT functions over the past several years, these decisions have not been made for cost reasoning alone. According to Graham and Harvey, who conducted a survey, The results of our survey were

HRIS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

HRIS - analyse ExampleThis problem could potentially affect all areas of business for umpteen companies.2. The reason why so many organizations found themselves vulnerable to the Y2K bug is because they were not check when it came to phase adjudgement. The problem was not yet a result of initial legacy bodys many replacement custom systems simply replicated or born-again the old programming logic without fixing them. Along with a companys unwillingness to research to find a true fix to the problem, many waited too long and were left rushing to find a solution. The warnings of experts and futurists further added fire to the alarm felt by already panicked companies as many turned to extremely expensive quick fixes. Many of these quick fixes ended up costing billions more than if companies had simply stayed disciplined to phase containment from the beginning.3. Phase containment seat be maintained by acting immediately to any phase of problem as soon as it presents itself. Th e term pay a little now, or a lot later should be applied to every aspect of business along with the realization that take down if a maintenance cost whitethorn seem expensive at the time, it will end up saving money in the long run. Keeping in close contact with employees and everyone who uses the HRIS software can ease keep everyone aware of problems as they present themselves.Part B.1. Based on the out of exit process detailed in figure 4.5 many changes can be made. There are many manual processes required for this HR model and as research has proven manual processes often contain large amounts of human error. By analyzing the current system, businesses can evaluate where they are now and what can be done to improve their system. For example a business may use interviews, focus groups, or surveys to help assess their system to see what aspects can be streamlines or eliminated. Looking at Figure 4.5 it may be seen that instead of manually filling out a time card each day, emplo yees could quantify in and out with a computer or their hours could be paid through a requital system to avoid any miscalculations, unreadable written information, or typos. The company could download a mannequin of fact checking system to make sure that the hours employees clocked in and out for were properly documented, eliminating the need for a payroll department assistant. By setting up a salary system, on that point would be no need to get anyone to calculate payroll, because it would be the same amount of money every time. Then, if an employee notifies payroll of a mistake there will be no need to have to go in and manually recheck what was entered because it would all be electronically calculated.2. Based on the Hacket Best Practices Benchmark Study of Human Resources estimate that $17 is extra in every manual HR movement this new process can save a company a fortune. If every step in the 6 step model represents a transaction then the company could potentially be was ting $102 for each employee whose payroll they process. With the new improved system the company could save all of this money by eliminating unnecessary transaction steps. If a company pays 10,000 employees formerly a month, they would save 1,020,000 per month and 12,240,000 per year.3. Overall, based upon my analysis of this

Advertising in mass media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Advertising in mass media - Essay representativeUnlike other forms of indoctrination this approach is mild and oblique in its approach. Advertisers do not challenge accustomed values and ideas. They preferred to introduce new terms of fulfillment and satisfaction. The most predominant theme echoed in several advertisements throughout the ages is the superiority of capitalism and consumer culture. Marketers make it appear as though consumer goods are the last solution for contemporary problems. They tend to cloud up distinctions between the rich and poor or the lower and the upper berth class.Several advertisements contain seemingly exclusive products that should be a reserve for the well to do. However, through the phenomenon of mass production, these products can be accessed by any member of inn. Marchand describes several instances in which mass media specialists of the 1920s desire to convince buyers that their products would equalize their status (82). A wealthy socialite could afford the finest china or expensive unlessler, but they still enjoyed the same brand of coffee that typical citizens bought. Alternatively, a marketer might claim that their clean could make womens hands just as soft as their favorite socialite. In society today, advertisers use celebrities to endorse their products, and make them seem accessible to the common man. These media bodies illustrate that consumer products accord similar solace to all members of society and thus endorse the status quo.The subtle message behind such advertisers is to obscure the economic inequalities inherent in any capitalist society. If consumers heed to these ideas, they will learn to accept their send off in the existing social order. Revolts against the elite or other similar controllers of wealth would be excess if people of all walks of life could enjoy similar things. Furthermore, political leaders would not need to constitute a massive wealth redistribution program since the electorat e was already satisfied with

Global business and multinational firm module coursework Essay

Global business and multinational firm module coursework - Essay guinea pige better part of the 21st Century, there are corporations developing in other countries that control begun to aggressively assert themselves in the global economy in an attempt to further their own fiscal interests. What this means is that while the political theory of globalisation used to only benefit a few countries, it is this instant benefiting many more and that is allowing for globalisation to be accepted in many more places than it was previously. Globalisation is no longer just a one-way process of benefits going from East to West, but it is now an ideology that can benefit all parts of the existence equally if growth continues. If China was to become the worlds largest economy, the changes that would occur would be minimal, since China has a labour-based economy.International trade is something that allow always be debated because it is interesting to see who has the advantages and why. The mo st common manner by which to explain the advantages that certain countries have over others in trade in by using a comparative advantage model. There will always be different scales because of the various differences between countries finances, education levels, population, demographics, resources, and other factors. China is a untaught that has traditionally been used for its labour, due to its extremely high population and its lack of good paying jobs. The versatile in this situation is that Chinese companies are beginning to use globalisation to their advantage, with one such confederacy being Acer, which is a computer company. Acer is the worlds fourth largest personal computer producer and it also builds servers, storage devices, LCD monitors, high-definition TVs, peripherals, as well as provides e-business solutions for business, government, education, and home users (About Acer). Acer also has veritable a unique business model called the Channel Business Model which use s supply-chain management to ensure that newborn technologies, competitive pricing, and quality service

World Cup Impact on South Africas Tourism Sector Essay

World Cup Impact on southeasterly Africas Tourism Sector - Essay ExampleThe FIFA 2010 world cup contributed to a massive increase in the number of international tourists arrivals. In this regard Francheska (2011) stated that most of South Africas tourists are draw from other African countries and Europe, which offers the country the highest number of tourists arrivals annually. Among the major tourists, attractions in South Africa include the countrys national parks, world heritage sites, and cultural and historic sites. Additionally, the country has a vibrant wine celestial sphere that has also been able to attract high number of tourists and even the Robben Island where the countrys iconic figure, Mr. Nelson Mandela was remand for twenty-five years has been a pick up attraction sites mostly for scholars in the field of history, this is according to Mattner et al. (2012). Equally, it is of effect to that the tourism vault of heaven in the country has substantially contributed to the countrys growth in cost of job creation, infrastructure development, and source of foreign exchange. The weather pattern affects South Africas tourism sector in equal measures as it does in other countries. This is to say that during harsh climatic conditions such as winter the tourism sector usually experience low activities or low tourists arrivals while during kind climatic conditions such as summer it experience a boom in the sector. Altbeker (2009) stated that the key factor that negatively affects the South Africas tourism sector is the crime level in the country, which makes many another(prenominal) international tourists shy away from visiting the country for fear of their own safety.

How can insurance be used to decrease healthcare costs and increase Essay

How can insurance be used to falloff health care costs and increase quality of care - Essay ExampleThe quality of the treatment is other problem that needs consideration. Most of the uninsured and low-income groups are not in a position to attain good quality health care. The present essay is intended to study a brief history of healthcare industry and to analyze problems and reasons for the high costs associated. The proposals that are put forward for the reformation of current express of healthcare system also would be analyzed so as to reach a decision on the best strategy to be adopted so as to decrease the costs of healthcare and to increase the quality of the healthcare.The health insurance plans began in United States of America during the civil war that took array during 1861 to 1865 (Murray, 2007). At that time only accidents that was caused during transport and that too through either rail or steamboat had all insurance coverage for insurance. Since then more and mo re plans, which provided coverage for most of the illness were added and in the year 1847, mamma Health Insurance of Boston oblationed the branch group policy with a lot of benefits. Individual harm and illness policies were issued by 1890. Arguments or cry for modern group health insurance plan was started in United States only in 1920s and by that time it was far behind many of the European countries. But there was no political pressure for such a law. Reformers started to ask the cost of checkup care instead of wages lost due to sickness mainly because the former was much higher(prenominal) than the latter in as early as 1920s. During this period itself the health care available to forgetful people in the country was quite inadequate. The first company to offer health insurance coverage for all its employees was General Motors (Murray, 2007). The depression that gulped the country in 1930s resulted in more insurance coverage for inactive and aged people. There was no prior ity for healthcare insurance at that time. Blue cross, which is a non-profit organization, began to offer health insurance in a number of states during this period. In Blues every one no matter of age or sex or their disease conditions were charged the same premium. Since the Blues were created by hospitals, electromotive force patients were encouraged to sign up (Noah, 2007). It was in 1940s that the present practice of employer-based system of health insurance was first offered (Noah, 2007). This was in an effort to combat the wage and price controls during the Second World War. The labor unions urged for better benefits and untaxed employer sponsored health insurance. The employers had to attract their employees and so they offered whatever that was asked for. Prepaid group healthcare was started at this time. President Truman was a proponent of national health program plan in which the government would be the payer of the safe and sound of the American society. At that time it was opposed by American Medical Association and the law or bill could

HRM Case Study on You Never know Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

HRM Case Study on You Never progress to it away - Essay ExampleMany deserving people be fighting to get a primary job which will at least pay their mortgage and on the other hand, people who cannot raze read properly, let alone develop strategies for a company, get great jobs. Why is this? It all boils dump to the resume. If someone has carefully crafted their resume by making even their simplest and easiest tasks show up as if they dumbfound climbed Mount Everest, it is obvious that it will impress the company. On the other hand, in that location are also those who are so gullible that they will not show up their most important experiences clearly so that they become overshadowed in the resume and dont earn them as much credit as they deserve.The fault can also be ascribed to companies for not being thorough in their selection. More often than not they may drop a very worthy candidates resume in the bin just because the font was not right or his English Language might be a little weak. I personally know a case from Reckitt & Benkiser who rejected a fille candidate for their Management Trainee program because her father was a retired employee of Unilever. They might have had this assumption that she will tour on secrets to a rival company.Everyone does not make their own resume. As a business student I know that there might be a handful students who really know how to do this job well and everyone will come up to them to get their resume made. Either this, or there may be people who hire professional help to get their resumes made. This practice happens in copiousness because companies look for, and hire, only those candidates who have a snappy line in their resume which will observe the eyes of the company. Writing a goal has never been tougher. Simply writing to get a unsloped job in a multinational company to make a career is never enough. You have to write explore my horizons in the prestigious working environment this company offers and make my time in this

Writing Today Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Writing Today - Essay ExampleThe chapter is characterized by intention examples which make it easier for the apprentice to master and comprehend the process.The chapter outlines the steps a student should follow in wring a right end. First, the student has to find and focus on the content of the proposal. This part makes the bulk of the proposal. As such, the content is the major part of a proposal. Under the content, the problem to be solve is often identified and how it is to be solved or tackled. The learner must make this part as convincing as possible. Most muckle review a proposals viability by analyzing its content, the addressed problem, and the offered solutions. After inventing the content of the proposal, the next step is to draft the proposal. All the relevant ideas are synched and written down. Additionally, the proposal is organized in a dour manner. Next, an appropriate style is applied to the proposal. Subsequently, the proposal is designed in a logical, che ckable and mild to understand manner with all the major ideas, arguments or parts being clearly verified.To rid the proposal of little and major grammar and structural mistakes, the document is revised and edited (Paine, Charles & Johnson-Sheehan, 2012). After this process, the proposal is ready for submission. A proposal can be developed by following three major stages. However, this depends on the inclinations of the target consultation or sponsor. Some audiences may prefer a concept piece in advance. The concept paper basically focuses on the proposals content and problem to be solved. A preliminary proposal may follow the concept paper. Lastly, a full complete proposal is the developed.In this chapter, the authors have in fact followed their own advice in writing. They have done this by primarily making the text scannable, brief, and easy to navigate.

Adoption of Information and Communication Technology Essay Example for Free

Adoption of schooling and Communication engineering science Essay vacateNigerian funds boxing persistence has become highly ICT- found and is reaping the benefits of technological revolution as evidenced by its natural coering in nigh of its trading operations. The objective of this piece was to determine if the Nigerian banks dumbfound failed or succeeded in the word meaning and role of ICT (see table 2.1). An military rank of the espousal and engross of ICT infrastructures from the periods surrounded by classs 2000 to 2008 designated steady growth. It is pre spousal affinityed that as of today, the Nigerian banks whitethorn devote attained their ICT potentials in their operations, though with virtually challenges. The musical composition concludes that the adoption of ICT has motleyd the content and feel of banking operations. This make-up recommends that investment in randomness and communication technology should form an important comp matchlessnt in the overall strategy of banking operators to ensure encumbranceive operations.Keywords selective information, Communication, engineering, stranding Industry.INTRODUCTION schooling and Communication Technology (ICT) is the mechanisation of processes, controls, and information production using computers, telecommunications, softw atomic number 18 and other gadget that ensure smooth and efficient running of activities. It is a term that largely covers the coupling of electronic technology for the information needs of a headache at all levels. ICT has surpassed the role of support run or only electronic data processing its handle of applications be slightly global and unlimited. Its devices particularly the Internet and modern computer e chain spot facilities move over tho strengthened early modernizations like the telephone and fax. Other ICT devices include data recognition equipment, factory mechanization hardware and work, telecomputing and teleconferences using real snip and online system (Adeoti, 2005).The application of information and communication technology concepts, techniques, policies and murder strategies to banking operate has become a subject of fundamental importance and concerns to all banks and indeed a requisite for local and global competitiveness. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) directly affects how managers decide, how they plan and what products and services are offered in the banking pains. It has continued to change the way banks and their corporate relationships are organized worldwide and the variety of innovative devices procurable to enhance the speed and quality of service deli rattling.Harold and Jeff (1995) contend that fiscal service providers should modify their traditional operate practices to remain workable in the 1990s and the decades that follow. They claim that the most signifi fuelt shortcoming in the banking industry today is a wide spread failure on the part of senior management in banks to grasp the importance of technology and incorporate it into their strategic plans accordingly. Considering ICT to ensure banks survival, Woherem (2000) claimed that only banks that overhaul the whole of their defrayment and delivery systems and apply ICT to their operations are likely to survive and prosper in the virgin millennium.He advices banks to re-examine their service and delivery systems in hostel to properly position them within the framework of the dictates of the energy of information and communication technology. The banking industry has witnessed tremendous changes linked with the growings in ICT over the years. Nigerian banks have undergone changes in their operations since the consolidation process of 2005, when close to banks were forced to merge with others to meet Central Bank of Nigerias (CBN) re dandyisation fund infallible for operation. Until then, most of the banks operated paper based systems at inception and recentlyr adjusted at the dawn of ICT revolution.In recent times, ICT, which basically involves the physical exertion of electronic gadgets especially computers for storing, analyzing and distri moreovering data, is having a dramatic influence on almost all aspects of individual lives and that of the national economy the banking sector inclusive. The increasing exercising of ICT has allowed for integrating of different economic units in a spectacular way. This phenomenon is not only applicable to Nigeria however other economies of the world, though the level of their usage whitethorn differ. In Nigeria, ICT usage especially in the banking sector, has considerably better, crimson though it may not have been as high as those observed for advanced countries (Adeoti, 2005 Adeyemi, 2006).The use of ICT in the banking sector became of interest to this study due to the signifi discountt role it plays in the economy. It helps in touch economic growth by directing funds to economic agents that need them for producti ve activities. This function is very vital for whatever economy that intends to experience meaningful growth because it makes arrangements that bring borrowers and lenders of financial resource in concert and more efficiently too than if they had to relate directly with one another (Adam, 2005 Ojo, 2007).In essence, the banking sector acts as a bridge that connects lenders and investors in the economy. The bank reforms (especially the recapitalization that specifies a minimum capital base of 25 zillion naira for commercial banks), are pursued with a view to making the sector realize its objectives in pass on the economy (CBN, 2006). It is expected that the impact of these reforms will be enhanced with the use of ICT because it will create some form of competitive advantage and improve banking services through accuracy and efficiency in their transactions. In other words, it will change the nature of banks services in terms of quality which will climax in great service delivery and productivity.This is in tandem with the findings make by Adeoti (2005) that the use of information technology has the ability of improving the competitiveness of Nigerian manufacturing industries. In fact, ICT has had an impact on the Banking Industry as its emergence allows banks to apply credit-scoring techniques to consumer credits, mortgages or credit cards. Hence, products that utilize to be highly dependent on the banks evaluation of its guests have now become more standardized. Other examples of ICT impact on the Banking Industry include the change magnitude process efficiency, which buttocks reduce costs in banks.This has also produced changes in the structure of bank income. As a result of maturationd competition that has lowered margins in lending operations (the banks traditional patronage), banks have diversified their sources of income and rely increasingly on income from fees services rather than interest rate spreads. Fees charged for services include typica l banking activities like retribution transactions, safe custody and account administration. Data storage and recovery is another wonderful insane asylum brought into the Banking Industry, where specialized software is engaged to create database to be manipulated by Database forethought Software (DBMS).A single database created could be used for some(prenominal) purposes within the system in order to eliminate data redundancy. From the above discourse, this paper seeks to determine whether or not the adoption of ICT enhances the operations of Nigerian banks.To achieve this, the introductory part of this paper by and by defining what ICT is, clearly established that to remain viable in the current age as financial concerns, banks must adopt ICT. In the succeeding sections, the paper will review relevant literature and identify the types of ICT infrastructures used in Banks the benefits and effects of ICT on banking industry will be discussed, after which an evaluation of its suc cess or failure will be through then, the conclusion and recommendations will be made.LITERATURE REVIEWThe Concept of ICT and a Perspective in Nigerian BanksTechnology can be referred to as the application of knowledge for the execution of a given task. It entails skills and processes necessary for mobing out activities (works) in a given context, while ICT encompasses computer systems, telecommunication, networks, and multimedia applications (Frenzel, 1996). It came into use in the late 1980s replacing earlier terms like Electronic Data Processing (EDP), Management Information dodge (MIS), although the latter terms are still in use (Frenzel, 1996). ICT has transcended the role of support services or only electronic data processing its fields of applications are somewhat global and unlimited. Its devices especially the Internet through the World Wide Web (www) and modern computer email facilities have however strengthened early innovations like the telephone and fax.Other ICT dev ices include data recognition equipment, factory automation hardware and services, tele-computing and teleconferences using real time and online system (Adeoti, 2005). It is a concept that is having a remarkable effect on almost entire aspects of the human endeavours. This connotes that it involves the application of principles to engage physical component in achieving an think goal. The convergence of computer and telecommunication after close four decades of applying computers to routine data processing, mainly in information storage and retrieval, has created a brand-new organic evolution where information has become the engine of growth nigh the world.This development has created catch-up opportunities for developing countries such as Nigeria to attain desired levels of development without necessarily reinventing the wheels of economic growth. This new technology has brought far-reaching revolution in societies, which has tremendously transformed most business (banking) sce nes (Ovia, 2005). With respects to the banks in Nigeria, the jump established bank was in 1892 (then African Banking Corporation). However, there was no banking legislation until 1952 when three foreign banks (Bank of British West Africa, Barclays Bank, and British and French Bank) and two indigenous banks (National Bank of Nigeria and African Continental Bank) were established, with a issue forth number of 40 branches (Iganiga, 1998). As at 1988, the Nigerian banking system consisted of the CBN, 42 commercial banks and 24 merchandiser banks (Iganiga, 1998 Adam, 2005).From 1970, the banking sector grew significantly in terms of number and coverage as a result of emergence in economic activities. However, between 1970 and 1985, the growth of the sector was relatively mute due to predominant governing body regulations but the period 1986-2000 witnessed a phenomenal growth of the sector as a result of the financial deregulation policy, that is the Structural Adjustment Program- SAP of 1986 (Iganiga, 1998). This brought about the liberalization of bank licence leading to a speedy change in the sector. Some of the banks were characterized by paper oriented methods, rather than technological based systems and this resulted to slow pace of their operations vis--vis their employees productivity cum general performance.The use of computers and other ICT gadgets in their operations were limited. This was one of the reasons adduced by Ojo (2007) as factors responsible for the Nigerian financial sector malaise. To mitigate the shocks experienced in the system, the federal official Government of Nigeria came up with the financial sector reforms through the CBN. The policy thrust on bank reforms encompasses the sum of the variations that occur in the direction of a comprehensive banking system.The bank reforms agenda, among others, specified a minimum capital base of 25 billion naira for the commercial banks that took effect in December, 2005 (Diamond Bank, 2005 CBN, 2006). This has reduced the number of commercial banks in Nigeria from 89 to 25, which was done via the processes of mergers, acquisition and the stock market (CBN, 2006 Ige, 2007). The major aim was to make Nigerian banks vivacious and resilient, clothed with efficiency and financial strength to absorb possible shocks, thereby instilling public pledge as salutary as global relevance (Soludo, 2004).ICT and Nigerian Banking domainThe revolution in ICT has made the banking sector changed from the traditional mode of operations to presumably better ways with technological innovation that improves efficiency. ICT can enhance efficiency via its use and in recent times banks have been encouraged by the fast decline in the price of ICT gadgets. This has perhaps change magnitude the bank level of ICT usage (Ovia, 2005).The increase efficiency have also be attributable to business environment that became relatively flexible to accommodate new forms of technological change as a result of reforms in the country. Banking is becoming highly ICT-based and because of its inter-sectoral link, it appears to be reaping most of the benefits of revolution in technology, as can be seen by its application to almost all areas of its activities (Akinuli, 1999).It has broadened the mountain chain of banking practices and changed the nature of banking as well as the competitive environment in which they operate. A broad opening night has been experienced around the world for banks and they are currently taking due advantage of these innovations to provide meliorate customer services in the face of competition and faster services that enhance productivity (Akinuli, 1999 Ovia,2005). expert advancement facilitates payments and creates convenient alternatives to cash and cheque for making transactions. Such new practices have led to the development of a truly global, seamless and Internet alterd 24-hour business of banking.ICT revolution both in terms of innovation rate, speed y operation, and cost per unit (portraying reduction in average total and marginal costs) has made a good number of banks embrace the use of ICT infrastructure in their operations (Akinuli, 1999). The technological innovation that is creation witnessed currently in the Nigerian banking sector is possible of impacting on the banks mode of transactions especially in their payment systems.The payment systems are made feasible by ICT gadgets such as automate storyteller railroad car ( standard atmosphere), Electronic Fund Transfer (EFT), Clearing House automate Payments (CHAPs), Electronic Purse (E-PURSE), automated Cheque Sorter (ACS) and Electronic and Transfer at Point of Sale (EFTPOS), which have made transactions slowly and convenient. This phenomenon is capable of bringing about speedy operations and enhanced productivity (Adeoti, 2005 Ovia, 2005).Though there may be little interruptions at times due to network failures, which may make customers unable to carry out transact ions at that point in time. This little shortcoming is not in either way comparable to the days when banking halls were characterized by long queues mainly as a result of delays in the traditional banking operations. Now banks can provide comprehensive services to their customers by making them assenting code their accounts via online services.These instruments have an edge over the traditional payment instruments because it is safer, more efficient, convenient and cost trenchant. Before the introduction of these ICT services in the banking industry, manual processing of documents were in use. The bankers were made to cope with this onerous task, and the process made business transactions minimal. Besides several hectic procedures, people had to contend with, banks customers were inevitably made to spend several hours in the congested banking halls in carrying out their transactions (Ovia, 2005). The present situationThe ICT culture in Nigerian economy can be s facilitate to be on the increase. Nigeria is the largest Internet subscriber in Africa with about 100,000 Internet users as at 2000, which was estimated to have grossly increased (Balancing Act, 2007). It has also been observed that Nigerias telecommunication density had remarkably increased by more than 2,550% from 0.35% in 1992 to 9.3% in 2004, thereby greatly colossal the transnational Telephone Unions (ITU) benchmark of 1% (Ndukwe, 2005). This phenomenon has helped banks keep substantial information on-line(a) which reduces the cost of marketing their products.Being a competitive gibe, it enhances the creation of customized services, reduces the cost of operation, and improves productivity as well as profitability. More interestingly, almost all the banks in Nigeria have internet and on-line real time banking facilities which has improved the scope of Nigerian banking. It has aided transfer of funds from one location to another without whatever involvement of facial transactions thereby re ducing the incidence of loss of funds to stealing and the likes. another(prenominal) recent one is the telephone banking technology that allows customers to have transactions on their accounts by calling a particular telephone number, through voice activation, and using a tone pad. All of these improve the comfort of banking transactions.THE TYPES OF ICT SUBSTRUCTURES USED IN BANKSOvia (2005) opined that ICT adoption will improves three critical domains which are efficiency, quality, and transparency in each organisation. Agboola (2001) discussed the dimensions in which automation in the banking industry manifest in Nigeria. They include Bankers Automated Clearing work Automated Payment Systems, Automated Delivery Channels.In the analytic thinking done by Alawode and Kaka (2008) on ICT infrastructures used in Nigerian banks between the periods of 2000 to 2008, found a proportionate increase in adoption and use. The specialized ICT infrastructural use within year 2000 to year 20 08 include Internet Access Internal Network SMS warning device Substitution of Postal Mail ICT pledge Measures Authentication and Automated Payment System. The tabular presentation of the ICT structures and the analysis are presented below. This analysis and other recent literature will form the basis for evaluation of ICT adoption success or otherwise, and informs its inclusion in this seminar paper.TABLE 2.1SURVEY DATA OF SOME SELECTED BANKS IN NIGERIA AND THEIR white plague IN SOME ICT INFRASTRUCTURESSerialnumbers ICT infrastructures Percentage of Nigeria Banks that use a particular ICT infrastructure within year2000 to year 2008. 2000 2002 2003 2005 2006 20081 Internet Access 27% 88% 91%2 Internal Network Wire based 68% 82% 92% Wireless 08% 19% 28%3 SMS Alert NIL 22% 98%4 Substitution of Postal mail 18% 38% 88%5 ICT Security measures 62% 81% 94%6 Authentication 33% 76% 85%7 Automated PaymentSystem 1% 28% 87%Source Alawode and Kaka (2008)Internet Access An important in dicator of the general wasting disease of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in the Banking Industry relates to the use and availability of Internet. Internet access is a precondition for e-Business, as this is the main channel for e-banking. The general availability of Internet allows for the analysis of overall ICT-readiness in the Banking Industry. The Table shows that 91% of Banks studied in Nigeria have access to the internet within year 2006 and 2008, patch 27% and 88% from year 2000 to 2002 and from year 2003 to 2005 respectively. The drastic change that occurred from 27% to 88% from year 2000 to 2002 and from year 2003 to 2005 respectively was as the result of ICT awareness competitive products introduced by some the so called new coevals banks. around all other banks also braced up to satisfy their customers and there was general feeler in the services and products of Banking Industry. Use of Internal Network The application of networks is a vital part of an effective ICT-enabled system, which is especially true in the case of banks with a branch network. Local Area Network (LAN) may also be seen as a basic indicator of the minimum infrastructure required to enable companies to conduct e-banking at a substantial level. Wire-based LAN is currently the dominating technology. The survey shows that 92% banks surveyed use wire-based LAN from year 2006 to 2008.The fact that LAN is a relatively low-tech and easily attainable ICT solution, would to some extent explain the wide coverage of this technology from year 2000 to 2008. Wireless LAN is a relatively new technology in the Banking Industry, and is used to permit bank employees to access network resources from nearly any convenient location. The fact that, wireless LAN is relatively new technology accounts for its low percentage pulmonary tuberculosis in Banking Industry. Use of SMS alert Instant notification of transactions made was another innovation brought by ICT through the use of sm art phone in conjunction with the internet facility in the Banking Industry. Virtually all banks studied in Nigeria use SMS-Alert, except some of the Micro-finance Banks. It was an ICT infrastructure that recorded no hold between year 2000 and 2002.Substitution of postal mail The Banking Industry is currently being renewed in many areas. One of these areas relate to the digitalization of formerly paper-based processes. Electronic mail is increasingly being employ for especially non-legal correspondence like account statements, marketing and sales. More than 80% banks surveyed have substituted electronic mail with old postal mail within year 2006 to 2008. This outcome shows that, efficiency gains from electronic mail are yet to be reaped and indicates that the Industry is a bit fragmented in its up motor of electronic mail as means of communication. ICT warranter measures The security issue is of special concern in the Banking Industry, as banking is highly based on trust from its customers.Hence, the risk of hackers, denial of service attacks, technological failures, breach of privacy of customer information, and opportunities for fraud created by the anonymity of the parties to electronic transactions all have to be managed. Depending upon its nature and scope, a breach in security can seriously damage public confidence in the constancy of a financial institution or of a nations entire banking system. Hence, by introducing the appropriate security measures and move security concerns at ease, the BI might be able to attract the segments among consumers who previously were not fain to use e-banking. Furthermore, it is also in the banks own interest to improve security, as digital fraud can be costly both in financial losses, and in terms of the damage it does to the brand of the bank in question.Authentication The common concern among users of e-banking is related to the authentication of users and data connections. The use of digital signatures is not as common as PIN codes or encryption, and reason is the fact that digital signature is relatively new technology. The research even shows that none of the studied banks uses digital signature as the form of authentication, but the up-take in other types of authentication is generally high, up to 85% within the year 2006 and year 2008.Automated Payment System Devices used in Automated Payment Systems include Automatic Teller Machine (ATM) and Electronic gold Transfer. ATM still ranked higher in its spread than Electronic Funds Transfer, Low rate of spread of this technology might be due to cost, fear of fraudulent practices and lose of facilities necessary for their operation. But generally speaking, the adoption of Automated Payment System increased dramatically. The table shows the increase from 28% to 87% within the range of 3-years.BENEFITS OF ICT ADOPTION ON BANKING INDUSTRY more researchers have concur on some benefits that accrue to ICT adoption and use in the banking industr y. These include among others Enhanced operational efficiency. The use of ICT in the banking industry enhances the operational efficiency of the banks (Madueme, 2009). For example, the use of SMS alert, an ICT infrastructure that recorded no patronage among Nigerian banks between year 2000 and 2002, has presently aided instant notification of transactions. alter quality of service delivery. Many researchers (Ikechukwu, 2000 Madueme, 2009 Fenuga Oladejo, 2010) confirm that the application of ICT to banking operations has undoubtedly enhances the quality of customer service delivery in the banks.The uses of ICT-based payment systems such as Automatic Teller Machine (ATM) and Electronic Funds Transfer have in truth improved the service delivery of Nigerian banks to its customers. For example, a money transfer transaction that used to take me days to transact has been reduced to a matter of few minutes. For a case in point, run short week, I sent money to my brother through UBA bank and before I got to the gate after the transaction, I got a call from him confirming that his account was credited through a message alert. maturation in customer cheer. This benefit derives from the one above.According to Fenuga and Oladejo (2010), the adoption and use of ICT in the banking industry has increased customers satisfaction due to improved quality of banking services. Referring to the above case of personal experience, it is unequivocal that customer satisfaction has markedly increased as a result of adoption and application of ICT in Nigerian banks. Improved profit performance. Another important benefit of the adoption and use of ICT in the banking industry has to do with improved profit margin.Many studies (Baba Harker, 1997 Ikechukwu. 2000 Madueme, 2009 and Oladejo Adereti, 2010) have shown significant and positive correlation between ICT adoption and profitability of organisations. emergence in market shares. When ICT is successfully adopted and applied to bank ing operations, the overall performance of the banks is improved and this manifest in the corresponding increase in market shares, profitability and other indicators of performance (Oladejo Adereti, 2010). Enhanced competitive advantage. investigatees by Ikechukwu (2000) and Oladejo and Adereti, 2010 have lent credence to the fact that application of ICT to the operations of the banks has boosted their operational efficiency and brought about greater competitive advantage in the industry.EFFECTS OF ICT ON BANKING INDUSTRYAgboola (2001) studied the impact of computer automation on the banking services in Lagos and observed that Electronic Banking has tremendously improved the services of some banks to their customers in Lagos. The study was however restricted to the commercial nerve centre of Nigeria and concentrated on only half a dozen banks. He made a comparative analysis between the old and new generation banks and discovered variation in the rate of adoption of the automated devices. Aragba-Akpore (1998) wrote on the application of information technology in Nigerian banks and pointed out that ICT is becoming the backbone of banks services regeneration in Nigeria.He cited the Diamond combine Banking Services (DIBS) of Diamond Bank Limited and Electronic Smart Card Account (ESCA) of All States Bank Limited as efforts geared towards creating sophistication in the banking sector. Ovia (2000) discovered that banking in Nigeria has increasingly depended on the deployment of Information Communication Technology and that the ICT budget for banking is by far larger than that of any other industry in Nigeria. He contended that On-line system has facilitated Internet banking in Nigeria as evidenced in some of them submission websites.He found also that banks now offer customers the flexibility of operating an account in any branch irrespective of which branch the account is domiciled. Cashless transactions were made possible in our society of today. The sugges ter of the economy (Banking Industry) is now well positioned to meet-up with the new challenges from the costumers, competitors and even from the nations economy with right tool in their hand to reach limitless point of success. The Industry is now growing on occasional basis with respect to new innovations that are coming out in the world of technology.EvaluationThe banking business in Nigeria today can be assessed as being highly ICT based. The analysis of Alawode and Kaka (2008) ICT infrastructures used in some selected banks between year 2000 to year 2008 as earlier presented in table 2.1 clearly indicate the steady growth of ICT application in Nigerian Banks. Internet access usage, for example, arise from 27% between years 2000-2002 to 91% between years 2006-2008. SMS Alert that was nonexistent between the periods of 2000-2002 rose from nowhere to 98% between years 2006-2008. Similarly, Automated Payment System that was barely 1% between years 2000-2002 rose dramatically to 2 8% in years 2003-2005 and sky rocketed to 87% between years 2006-2008.The research, which provided the above analysis, is over 5 years old now. Considering the rate of growth reported in the analysis, it is obvious that most of the infrastructures may have reached their full potential. Drawing from above background, one could reasonably accept Akinulis (1999) viewpoint when he observed then that it appears Nigerian banks were reaping most of the benefits of revolution in technology, as can be seen by its application to almost all areas of its activities.Adeoti (2005), Ovia (2005) and Osabuohein (2008) in separate remarks affirmed the fact that the technological innovation witnessed in Nigerian banking sector is possible of impacting on the banks mode of operations especially in their payment systems. It is indeed unequivocal to state that ICT adoption in Nigerian banks has broadened the scope of banking practices and changed the nature of banking as well as the competitive environme nt in which they operate. Such new practices have led to the development of a truly global, seamless and Internet enabled 24-hour business of banking. In summary, the adoption of ICT in Nigerian banks can be said to be a success though not without some challenges.ChallengesThe automation of banking operations is really posing challenges to the Consumers, the banks themselves and Regulatory/Supervisory authorities in Nigeria. Among the issues concerned are Infrastructural deficiencies It is obvious that the use of ICT in the banking industry require minimum level or basic infrastructure such as electricity, telecommunication and motorable roads. Yet all these remain great challenges even as they feature as manifestos in all political campaigns. Ineffectiveness of telecommunication service providers and epileptic supply of electricity have oftentimes times cost people to spend days suffering to recover trapped cards in ATMs.For example, there was a day my friends card got trapped for only God knows the reason, but on a Saturday when the banks staff could not be accessed to recover neither the card nor alternatively withdraws money at UBA Aliade road branch. He had to wait until Monday morning to recover his card. Whatever his purpose for wanting to access money must have been defeated. Consumer Awareness and capacity A major challenge of ICT banking to many uninstructed and semi-literate population of the country who reside in rural areas is lack of awareness of how the systems work and their inability to access the services which mostly exist in cities and high populated work areas or institutions.Access to ATM and GSM Telephones There are inadequate banking facilities to cover for the growing population of Nigerians who can access the services. Many households are unable to afford terminals and all accessories required for operating in todays banking system. The recent federal governments 60 billion naira telephone project for 10 million farmers (Olatunji, 2013) is one representative that majority of Nigerians are too poor to afford a telephone, a necessary accessory for accessing ICT banking services. Consumer shelter Another major challenge of adoption of ICT is the absence of statutory or regulatory provisions to cherish the consumer of the products/services. Fraud So much fraud has been reported within and outside banks due to ICT adoption.The high movie of the system to fraudsters, hackers and other criminally minded persons who could access, retrieve and utilize confidential information from the system if security measures are weak to checkmate unauthorized intrusion is another challenge to the authorities. Systems Operational Risks Bank IT rests on computers and telecommunications which could be susceptible to system failure, internal manipulations and inconsistent regulatory policies (Etim, 2000).ConclusionConcerns about ICT role in attaining effectiveness, efficiency and productivity were raised in the late 1980s. Since the n a large number of studies have emerged both at the industry and firm level that have substantially improved our understanding of the relationship between ICT and firm performance. This paper has clearly defined what ICT is and presented a review of relevant literature to aid understanding of the historical antecedents or reforms that necessitated its adoption in Nigerian banks by assessing the benefits and effects, and the journey so far.The paper further evaluated the success of ICT adoption as well as addresses the challenges it has posed to banks, consumers of services and supervising authorities. The paper concludes that the adoption of ICT has influenced the content and quality of banking operations positively. From all indications, ICT presents great potential for business process reengineering of Nigerian Banks. It is imperative for bank management to intensify investment in ICT products to facilitate speed, convenience, and accurate services, or otherwise lose out to their competitors.RecommendationThis paper recommends that investment in information and communication technology should form an important component in the overall strategy of banking operators to ensure effective performance.ReferencesAdam, J.A. (2005). Banking Sector Reforms The Policy Challenges of Banks integrating in Nigeria. Selected Papers for 46th Annual Conference, Nigerian economical Society, August 23-25. Adeoti, J.O (2005). Information Technology investment in Nigerian Manufacturing Industry The Progress So Far. Selected Papers for the 2004 Annual Conference, Ibadan Nigerian Economic Society, 213-244. Adeyemi, K.S (2006). Banking Sector Consolidation in Nigeria Issues and Challenges. Union Digest, 9(34) June (http//www.unionbankng.com/adeyemi.pdf). Agboola, A. A. (2006). Electronic payment systems and Tele-banking services in Nigeria. ledger of Internet Banking and Commerce, 11(3), 112-124.Agboola, A. A. (2001). conflict of Electronic Banking on Customer Services in Lago s, Nigeria. Journal of Economics and Financ, 5(12), 45-73. Akinuli, O.M. (1999). Information Technology in Nigerias Banking Industry Operational Applications, Problems and Future Challenges. CBN Bullion, 23(3), 71-75. Alawode, A. J. and Kaka, E. U. (2008). Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and Banking Industry. Proceedings of the 1st International Technology, Education and Environment Conference, African Society for Scientific Research (ASSR) 673-677. Aragba-Akpore, S. (1998). The Backbone of Banks Service Regeneration. Moneywatch, July 22, p23.Baba, P. and Harker, P. (1997). Examining the Contributions of Information Technology towards Productivity in United States Retail Banks. Pennsylvania Wharton School. Balancing Act, (2007). Balancing Act News update (http//www.balancingact- africa.com/country_profile.php?id=24).CBN, (2006). Press Release. The Guardian, Vol.22 (9902), January 3, p.11.Diamond Bank, (2005). Banking Industry Report, Strategic Planning Unit, December (http//www.diamondbank.com/public/Banking%20Industry%20Report%20December%202005.pdf). Etim, S. O. (2000). Electronic Banking The Risks in the Insurance. A Paper Presented at Centre for Insurance Research Luncheon, Lagos, May 23.Fenuga, O. J. and Oladejo, R. K. (2010). The Effect of Electronic Payment on Customer Service Delivery in Nigerian Banks. International Journal of Economic Development Research and Investment, 1(1), 5-16. Frenzel, C.W. (1996). Information Technology Management, Cambridge Thomson Publishing Company.Harold, B. and Jeff, L. (1995). Dont Let Technology Pass You By. ABA Banking Journal, 73-81.Iganiga, B.O (1998). Contemporary Issues in Money and the Nigerian Financial System, Lagos Amfitop Books.Ige, C.S (2007). Reforms in Development. The Reformers, 2(1), 4-16. Ikechukwu, G. (2000). Enhancing the Performance of Banking Operations through Appropriate Information Technology in Nigerian Banking Industry. Ibadan Spectrum Books. Madueme, I. S. (2009). Impact of inform ation technology on the ptofitability of commercial banks in Nigeria. International Journal of Business and Common Market Studies, 6(12), 112-121. Ojo, J.A.T. (2007). Financial Sector Maladaptation, Resource Curse and Nigerias Development Dilemma. human race Lecture, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, January 25. Oladejo, M. O. and Adereti, A. S. (2010). Impact of information technology on the performance of microfinance institutions in Ogun state, Nigeria. International Journal of Economic Development Research and Investment, 1(1), 44-55. Olatunji, S. (2013). FG to give rural farmers N60bn cell phones. Punch, January 3, www.punching.com/business/business economy/fg-to-give rural-farmers-n60bn-cell-phones/ Osabuoheien, E. S. C. (2008). ICT andNigerian Banks Reforms summary of Anticipated Impacts in Selected Banks. Global Journal of Business Research, 2(2), 67-76. Ovia, J. (2000). From Banking Hall to E-Platform. Financial Standard, January 15. P. 6. Ovia, J. (2005), Enhancing t he Efficiency of the Payment System in Nigeria. CBN Bullion, 29(1), 8-18.Soludo, C.C. (2004). Consolidating the Nigerian Banking Industry to Meet the Development Challenges of the 21st Century. An Address Delivered to the Special Meeting of the Bankers Committee, Abuja, July 6. Woherem, E. W. (2000). Information Technology in the Nigerian Banking Industry. Ibadan Spectrum.

Appropriateness, Reinforcement, Preferences and Transformation Essay Example for Free

Appropriateness, Reinforcement, Preferences and shift key EssayQuestionAccording to Eunson (2006, p.15) there are four main criteria to be considered when choosing the medium/s of communion to best articulate an argument Appropriateness, Reinforcement, Preferences and Transformation. Select one of the criteria and discuss its importance to a communication situation.Any successful communication process requires the presence of a means, appropriate medium and the desired hearts effect on the receiver. To effect success in communication, it is important to use a fit medium based on the Preferences criterion. Modern technologies have greatly facilitated human communication. However, as Priestleys riddle illustrates, people get to actually communicate less as communication technologies further advance (Eunson 2006, p.4). Hence, for useful communication, it is more important to consider the message and the effect of that message on the receiver (Eunson 2006, p.7). The successful transference of message and its effect, however, largely depends on the communication mode used or preferred. The medium is life-and-death to the effect of a message because as emphasized by Marshall McLuhan (Lister 2003), societies have always been make more by the nature of the media . In other words, the medium is the message.A case in destine would be a Human Resource Department in an office where the HR Manager usually prefers communicating with his staff through memos and e-mail notifications. But being a smart manager, he or she will not hesitate to utilize other media as needed, according to the importance of the message and the desired effect to the recipients. He or she may prefer to personally discuss an individuals failing Performance Assessment Report, earlier sent as is via individual e-mail, through one-on-one review.The fullness of media (Daft Lengel 1986, p.557) effected by direct face-to-face discussion is preferred to the e-mail channel, which in this cas e plays a secondary role as preparatory medium of documentation. Herein, interpersonal communication appropriate to a sharp group (Baker, Barrett Roberts 2002, p.11), is considered and selected to amplify the Reports warning content with the goal of effecting the desired change in the staffers behaviour.Exploring Preferences in choosing media is vital to effectively convey the message. Since the medium, which helps shape the content, is mostly the message itself and that the messages effect on the receiver is affected by the medium, selecting the suitable channel from a shop of Preferences becomes crucial to any effective communication.BibliographyBaker, E. Barrett, M. Roberts, L 2002, Working Communication, John Wiley Sons Australia Ltd., Milton Qld.Daft, R. L. and Lengel, R. H. 1986 Organizational Information Requirements, Media Richness and morphologic Design, Management Sci., Vol. 32, No.5, pp. 554571.Eunson, B. 2006, Communicating in the 21st Century, John Wiley Sons, Au stralia Ltd., Milton Qld.Lister, M 2003, New Media A Critical Introduction, Routledge, London.

Discuss how Stevenson presents duality in Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Essay Example for Free

Discuss how Stevenson presents dichotomy in Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde EssayIn this essay I will essay how Robert Louis Stevenson has presented duality in his novella Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde.The novella is about a skillful valet, Dr Jekyll, and how, down the stairs the pressure of gritty society in Victorian England, experiments with potions to eventu all(prenominal)y come up with one and moreover(a) that would sophisticate him into Mr Hyde, a disreputable and malign man.Written in 1886, the novella was based round the pressure to be respectable that Robert Louis Stevenson himself felt in high society of the Victorian era. It was in ilk manner influenced by s give the bouncedals of the time such as Deacon Brodie. Brodie, who suffered from gambling debts, was a cabinet piddle awayr for people in the higher class. To try and give personal manner off his debts he would break into the cabinets that he had sold and steal the valuables inside. This fits into the story of Je kyll and Hyde since Jekyll is a nice, respectable serviceman who turns into an evil, lower class man, Hyde. on that point was too a growing awareness of chemistry and psychology at the time the novella was indite. Sigmund Freud, a famous chemist and psychologist, convinced people that duality did exist in humans that in one person in that respect could be both good and evil, such as in Jekyll and Hyde, who were the same person, with the help of a potion, only if Jekyll was good and Hyde evil.Since the novella was written in 1886 it was targeted at Victorian people. When it was beginning(a) published it sold around 40,000 copies, mainly to the higher classes of Victorian England. They would have attainn it as a twist on a horror book. The Victorians were into gothic books, except that they were always set in foreign countries and in the past. Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde differs to these stories since it was set in capital of the United Kingdom and in the then present day. In 1888, seafarer the Ripper surfaced in the newspapers. This would not only have boosted the sales of Stevensons novella simply would have been connected to it. dickens the former and the last mentioned psyches are because of the rumour that went around England at the time that Jack the Ripper was person of velo urban center class and respectable by day but commit atrocious murders by night, akin the duality of Jekyll and Hyde.Duality appears throughout the novella, including the char proceeders. Mr Utterson is a fair playyer and good friend of henry Jekyll.of a rugged countenance, that was neer lighted by a smile cold, scantyThis description of Mr Utterson, from the frontmost page, portrays him to be a transverse man, with sharp features on his face, who doesnt get on with anybody and who would drink on his own. However almosthow loveable.This credit, again from the archetypal page, shows the duality of the book since Utterson is depict to be miserable and to that degree e trulybody loves him. This is enforced by the procedural angelical since this word implies that he is pretty easy to get on with and he isnt just liked by those who know and get on with him, instead he is loved. The excerpts convey that no matter what someones demeanour they can still be variety and common. This introduces the theme of duality for the reasons said above.I let my brother go to the devil in his own way.Being a lawyer, Mr Utterson is supposed to help others in any way he can, however, this metaphor is telling the commentator that no matter how much he could do for someone, Utterson doesnt really care about them. This portrays Robert Louis Stevensons idea of duality.least save his creditI shall be endorse before midnight, when we shall send for the jurisprudence.This paraphrase shows duality since Utterson himself said that he would let his brother go to the devil in his own way, yet here he is trying to save the reputation of one of his very good friends, Je kyll. To do this though, the good, honourable, respectable, law abiding lawyer does not send for the police as soon as he and Poole, Dr Jekylls butler, resonate the dead body of a certain Mr Edward Hyde lying on Jekylls cabinet floor. Instead, he goes home for two hours to read the letters that both Dr Lanyon, some other good friend of both Utterson and Jekyll, and Jekyll left for him to read on the disappearance or death of enthalpy Jekyll. It also shows duality in that Utterson is a lawyer, who should go to the police but doesnt.in case of disappearanceread the name Gabriel John Utterson.This quote shows duality because as Utterson finds, and reads, Jekylls Last leave and Testament, Utterson, to his own amazement, reads his name instead of Hydes. This shows duality since Utterson is down as the run short good friend of Dr Henry Jekyll, who would hold up disreputable and a big scandal if any one were to find out what he did.Dr Lanyon is another character in the novella, and a good friend of Jekyll and Utterson.This was a hearty, healthy, dapper, red faced gentleman with a shock of hair prematurely white.This quote portrays Lanyon to be a friendly, upper class gentleman who has peck to drink. However, posterior on in the novella, Stevenson describes LanyonThe rosy man had grown pale his flesh had fallen out he was visibly balder and olderThis quote and the latter, reveals the duality between them since in the first quote he is described as cosmos healthy and in the second as beingness on his death bed. The reader would want to know what has happened in such a short time to make this change in Lanyon appear so suddenly because he saw Hyde mix the potion, take a drink, and turn to Jekyll in front of his very own eyes all of which is revealed in the second to last chapter Dr Lanyons Narrative. To get the potions to Hyde however, Jekyll had to get Lanyon to steal for him. The very idea of Jekyll wanting another respectable gentleman intermission in an d stealing the potions for him and Hyde would have been a very big scandal if Lanyon was caught, and Lanyon would go from respectable gentleman to disrespectable in a few hours.Stevensons novella is all about Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde.the doctor gave one of his pleasant dinnersThis shows how Jekyll is popular among the upper class, among his friends, and rich enough to hold dinners. The adverb pleasant conveys to the audience that everyone Jekyll invited got on with each other and it reinforces the idea that Jekyll is rich since he can hold dinners and provide nice food.sat Dr Jekyll, looking deadly sick.This quote describes Jekyll sitting in his large cabinet room, after the death of sir Danvers Carew. It reveals how Jekyll is feeling remorse for knowing, or as the reader later finds out, for being Mr Hyde who was identified as the murderer of Carew. It portrays how Jekyll regrets his actions and managees, to get away from the pressures of high society life in Victorian England.8th o f January Utterson had dined at the doctorsOn the 12th, and again on the 14th, the door was keep out against the lawyer.This reference conveys to the audience the duality in the novella, since four days after Utterson had seen Jekyll, and dined with him and Dr Lanyon, he was being denied access to Jekylls tin. This shows the duality since Jekyll was so ill that he couldnt stand up to greet Utterson when Utterson went to see him, before being fine and healthy enough to hold a dinner party and then not allowing anyone into his offer to see him all of a sudden without anybody knowing why.innate(p) in 18__ to a large parcelThis quote portrays how Henry Jekyll recognises how he was born into a rich family. The adjectives large and fortune suggests he was born into a highly prize family, something that was of high importance in Victorian England. It shows how he didnt have to create hard for the position in society that he was in, only keep up his appearances with others of his cla ss.worst of my faults was a certain gaiety of disposition, such as made the happiness of manyThis reference shows that Jekyll felt specie wasnt everything. He felt that where it made most men content, it didnt make him happy. It conveys to the reader how he wants to be happy, although where he is in life and society wasnt making his wishes come true. We learn later in the novella how this wish brings him to start mixing formulas that would eventually turn him into Mr Hyde.found it hard to reconcile with my imperious desire to canalise my head highThe quote above portrays how, although Jekyll wants to be happy, he believes the only way would be one that was irreputable. However, he does not wish to lose his place in the upper class of society and he does not wish to lose his friends, both of which would happen if he did what he desired to do to become happier. This therefore is what led Jekyll to create the potion, as well as the written version of events, for Utterson to read, in Henry Jekylls full statement of the case where Dr Jekyll writes his version, and the truth of what happened in the last months of his life.Hence it came about that I conceal my pleasuresThis reveals how Jekyll had been hiding secrets since before creating the mixture that would turn him to Hyde, hiding what it was that was making him happy. The verb concealed tells the reader that Jekyll was being very careful about his pleasures. It conveys the importance of nobody finding out about Jekylls secret more than if Stevenson had written the verb hid instead.already committed to a profound duplicity of life.This conveys one of the themes in the novella, the theme of duplicity, and how it is not only in the settings and the characters but that the characters knew about it. We know this because of the adjective duplicity portraying to the reader how Jekyll has two lives, however different they are.morbid sense of shame.This quote reveals how although Jekyll wanted to be happy, he is asha med of how his life has off out. The alliteration of the s sound in sense and shame enforces the idea, in the readers mind, that he is ashamed of being Mr Hyde, of what he has done and is still doing as Mr Hyde and that both of these irreputable things are making him happy.not truly one, but truly two.This does not reveal duality within the story, sooner in the themes of the novella. It indicates the views of Dr Jekyll that in one man, there is both good and evil, one of the themes. Jekyll describes how good and evil are different parts of the soul, and that good conquers evil in a raging war within the soul, and that is what makes a man good.flushed as I was with hope and triumph, to venture in my new shapeAs this quote conveys, Stevenson has written about how someone can be addicted to drugs. It shows that even someone of high stature can become addicted, in this case Dr Jekyll. Jekyll is addicted to how he can do what he wants as Mr Hyde, without losing any of his own stature, r ather than do the respectable things he would have to do as himself to be happy. It reveals duality in the accompaniment that a respectable gentleman such as Jekyll can be addicted to the painful pangs and nausea the mixture makes him feel, whilst turning into Hyde.Edward Hyde is often portrayed animal-like.like a monkey jumped up from among the chemicals.This quote makes the reader imagine a monkey like creature jumping up upon hearing Poole, Jekylls butler, coming towards Jekylls cabinet. It creates the get a line of Hyde being small, dumpy, and hairy and as having very long arms, whilst showing duality since Hyde is a man not a monkey.The other snarled aloud into a savage laughIn this quote the adjective snarled gives the image of Hyde as a savage beast, again being portrayed as some sort of animal. It also conveys how Hyde is an evil person, since someone who is portrayed as being a savage cannot be any good, and this would have been the view of people in Victorian England. S tevenson has used language to paint a picture of what Hyde might look like in the readers mind.so abominable that it brought out the sweat on me like running.This reference, again, allows the reader to imagine what Hyde looks like. It conveys how the other characters react to Hyde, that they all feel an air of deformity whenever they see him or speak to him, and that he looks so ugly, so mean that they feel uneasy around him. in all of the latter three quotes show duality since Hyde is portrayed as being a small and ugly man with the impression of being deformed somewhere on his body. He is also conveyed as a mean, evil person via the descriptive language used by Stevenson. This is in job to Jekyll, since Jekyll is a respected gentleman and doctor of chemistry, who is regularly invited to dinner parties hosted by other well respected people in society. He is also taller, thinner and older than Hyde.All of the characters who meet Hyde in the novella seem to act in the same way towa rds him. This conveys to the reader just how unlikeable Hyde is. This is important to the story because it shows how everybody thinks him an evil man. It helps show the duality between Jekyll and Hyde.However, it isnt just the characters that show duality within Stevensons Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde. It is also revealed in the settings the weather and the buildings and also in the narrative structure.The doorneither bell nor knocker, was blistered and distained. Tramps slouchedThis quote portrays the quality of the door that Hyde uses to enter Dr Jekylls house and grounds. This is in contrast to the front of Jekylls housewhich wore a great air of wealth and comfortThis portrays an image of what Jekylls house looks like from the front a grand house whose owner is wealthy and of a high social class.The latter quote also shows duality with Hydes house in Soho.showed him a dingy channelThis quote portrays what kind of area Hydes house is in. In the Victorian era, Soho was poverty stricke n and full of prostitution, although there is no index number that Hyde was into prostitution and gambling (other than Jekyll turning into Hyde because doing respectable things did not make him happy). It shows the difference between Jekylls big, respectable house in a respectable of London and Hydes dingy flat on a polluted street in the centre of London.An ivory faced and silvery haired womanThis quote describes the Soho house landlady (or Hydes landlady). When the reader reads this they expect she is a nice friendly woman. HoweverShe had a smooth face, smoothed by hypocracyshows duality in contrast with the quote before. It shows how a nice old lady may look nice but in fact can be evil, someone who doesnt like herself. I say evil because later in the chapter The Carew Murder Case she is excited and delighted by the idea of Hyde being in anesthetise with the police.Hydes house in Soho is, to Uttersons surprise, well furnished.furnished with luxury and good tasteThis conveys du ality with how the house looks on the outside. With Soho being a dodgy area in Victorian England, and the street being described as dingy, the reader first imagines a poor, poverty filled room, not a luxury, well furnished house.London is also shown in a dual nature.down a by street in a busy quarter of London. The street was small and what is called quiet.This quote shows duality in how although a street is in a busy area of London, off a busy main street it is actually very quiet (it would be expected to be busy if its off a main street).Stevenson has even include duality in the weather.cool and a little damp, and full with premature twilight,still bright with sunset.This quote conveys duality to the reader since Jekylls courtyard is described at the beginning of the quote that it is cold and looks as though it is around the time frame of dusk. However, the later half of the quote explains, it is in fact still sunny (nearing sunset) and so in theory Jekylls courtyard should be qu ite light.A muddiness rolled over the city early part of the night was cloudless.This reveals duality because it shows how the night was cloudless, until the fog came in. the adjective rolled gives the impression that the fog came swiftly, rather than slowly.About nine in the morning number of degrees and hues of twilight dark like the back end of eveningThis quote conveys to the reader that whatever time of day it is in Soho, it still looks like its dark, like it is night. This quote shows the duality of the weather by giving the time of day and describing what it looked like. The fog described is more likely to be smog from the factories, since the novella is set in the Victorian times. However, it does cast an supernatural effect on the image conjured in the readers mind, would have made them think something sinister was about to happen.There are many locked doors in Stevensons novella. This symbolises how secretive the story is, Utterson hypothetically being stopped solving th e mystery story of Jekyll and Hyde, by doors not able to be opened until another section of the mystery is found, and the actual looked doors that Jekyll shuts himself up behind.The narrative structure also shows duality since in the first seven chapters the narrative is ordinal person.resumed the lawyer.This shows the third person narrative structure of The Last Night. However, the last two chapters are written in first person, Dr Lanyons Narrative is written by Lanyon from his point of view and tells of what he knows about Jekyll and Hyde, and explains the cause of his death. The last chapter is also in first person, however this is from the perspective of Dr Jekyll himself, who explains everything that had happened.I rose from my placeThese show duality because the first seven chapters, although written in third person, are all about Utterson and what he does to try and course the mystery between Jekyll and Hyde. They also show Uttersons thoughts and feelings.The chapters are all arranged to follow what happens to Utterson and the titles are all to do with what happens within the chapter itself (and give a clue to what the chapter is about). The last two are in the send they are because that way Lanyon doesnt repeat what the reader knows from reading Jekylls chapter, if they were the other way around.In this essay I have shown how Robert Louis Stevenson has presented the theme of duality in his novella Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde. I have achieved this by analysing the language of the textual matter that describes the characters, weather, buildings and the narrative structure.